The Mental Health Crisis Affecting American Teenagers
This week on our nationally syndicated radio show, we talk with Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Matt Richtel. His latest series for The New York Times takes a long look at the mental health crisis affecting American teenagers. This is not a tale of COVID disruption, although COVID has made it worse. This is a story of a generation, starting around age 10 and continuing through college graduation at least a decade older.
Changing Public Health Risks:
Matt Richtel points out that the public health risks for adolescents in the US were predictable until a few decades ago. Health authorities worried about teen pregnancy, alcohol misuse and potentially dangerous experiments with marijuana and other drugs.
The risk landscape has shifted dramatically in the 21st century. Fewer teens than ever report having drunk alcohol or smoked marijuana lately. Even rates of teen pregnancy have fallen. But our adolescents are struggling terribly with depression and anxiety. Some have turned to self-harm or find themselves obsessing about suicide. Suicide rates are also up dramatically.
How Do We Know There Is a Mental Health Crisis?
Matt spent a year interviewing adolescents and their families. Teenagers told him about cutting themselves in seeking to relieve their distress. Parents shared their frustration of not knowing how to help their youngsters effectively. He found that pediatricians’ offices have been overwhelmed with young people in crisis. Moreover, he learned that hundreds of suicidal teens sleep in emergency rooms for days or weeks on end because they cannot be discharged safely. At a time when we need facilities to treat mental illness more urgently than ever, a large number of these institutions have closed their doors.
The Latest Data on Mental Health in Adolescents:
After we talked with Matt early this summer, two new studies came out corroborating his findings. Over the last couple of decades, depression has been increasing. The pandemic appears to have made this trend worse. A national survey in carried out in 2020 finds that nearly 1 in 10 adults and almost 1 in 5 adolescents and young adults report experiencing major depression (American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Sept. 19, 2022). Most of these young people went untreated. either with therapy or medications.
Another report titled “The Kids Are Not Alright” also found a high rate of mental health problems among adolescents. Inpatient admission for mental health problems in youngsters between 12 and 15 rose more than 80 percent in the five years from 2016 to 2021. Experts express concern that the need for mental health services is increasing far more rapidly than it can be met (Clarify Health Institute, Sept. 2022).
What Is Driving the Mental Health Crisis?
We asked Matt what might be driving the crisis. One contributor to the problems we are seeing is that kids are entering puberty at younger and younger ages. No one knows quite why that is. Nutrition may be playing a role. Exposure to certain environmental chemicals might also be encouraging early puberty. But although the body and the reproductive system appears to be maturing more quickly, the brain has not kept up. Figuring out how you fit in to society is just as important as ever, if not more so, but it’s more difficult with a disjunction between body and mind. In addition, the big changes in society over the last several decades also make it more challenging for young people to get a clear picture of their possible path.
Is digital technology to blame? The science is not clear. What seems most likely is that, like the pandemic, social media and online offerings may exacerbate an existing problem. When they spend a lot of time online, kids are sleeping less and having less in-person interaction. They spend less time outdoors, which otherwise could be a good safety valve to help manage stress and anxiety.
The Story of M:
Matt interviewed a Milwaukee teenager he calls M, a person who prefers to be referred to as “they” or “them.” Although M is an intelligent person who did well in grade school, high school led to severe anxiety about school as well as social isolation. The consequences were severe depression, self-harm and a suicide attempt. M’s parents were at their wits’ end, frightened and frustrated because they did not know how to help their child.
What Can We Do for Adolescents’ Mental Health?
Youngsters in the midst of a mental health crisis need coping skills. Learning ways to cope is probably going to be easier when a person is not in crisis mode, so it makes sense to figure out how to teach all young people the coping skills they need. We also need to create ways for youngsters to access therapies that work, such as CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) or DBT (dialectical behavioral therapy). Currently, there are not enough therapists trained in these modalities to treat everyone who could benefit. We’ll need to put our creativity to work figuring out how to change that.
This Week’s Guest:
Matt Richtel is a best-selling author and Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for The New York Times. He is the author of several books, including his most recent, Inspired: Understanding Creativity: A Journey Through Art, Science, and the Soul.
His Amazon page is here and his website is here:
https://www.mattrichtel.com/
Here are some of the articles in his series:
‘It’s Life or Death’: The Mental Health Crisis Among U.S. Teens
Teens in Distress Are Swamping Pediatricians
Hundreds of Suicidal Teens Sleep in Emergency Rooms. Every Night.
How to Help Teens Struggling With Mental Health
Listen to the Podcast:
The podcast of this program will be available Monday, June 6, 2022, after broadcast on June 4. You can stream the show from this site and download the podcast for free.
